To maintain a healthy and productive learning environment, it is recommended that CO₂ levels remain below 1000-1500 ppm in educational buildings, with lower levels being preferable for cognitive function. In addition, ventilation rates should provide at least 7-10 liters/second per person to ensure adequate IAQ. When these limits are overcome, air becomes stagnant and could cause headaches, nausea memory disturbances, and lack of concentration.
Correlation between indoor air quality and cognitive function
Numerous studies have documented the link between indoor air quality (IAQ) and students' academic performance. For instance, improvements in IAQ within classrooms have been associated with measurable progress in subjects like mathematics and reading. Additionally, schools with the lowest levels of traffic-related ultrafine particulates, carbon particles, and nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) have demonstrated positive trends in cognitive development, particularly in areas such as attention and memory capacity.
Research has also shown that even moderate increases in CO₂ concentrations can significantly impact cognitive performance. For every 500 ppm rise in CO₂ levels, response times slow by 1.4–1.7%, indicating reduced mental processing speed. Additionally, the number of correct responses per minute, declines by 2.1–2.4%, reflecting a tangible reduction in overall task efficiency.
The role of automated systems
As awareness grows regarding the impact of indoor air quality (IAQ) on productivity and learning outcomes, particularly in educational environments, the implementation of automated HVAC systems has emerged as a vital solution.
- Demand-controlled ventilation: In constant air volume systems, the ventilation flow is often oversized for the actual need. Demand-controlled ventilation systems adjust ventilation rates based on real-time data from sensors that monitor factors such as the number of people in the room, humidity, temperature, and carbon dioxide levels. This ensures that adequate fresh air is supplied when needed, reduces energy consumption during low-occupancy periods, and maintains a productive indoor climate when it’s required.
- Multiple data points and high accuracy: By integrating multiple data points, it is possible to gain a detailed understanding of the actual air quality. High-precision sensors that detect pollutants such as volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and CO₂ enable continuous monitoring of indoor air. These sensors can activate ventilation systems to quickly reduce pollutant levels and create an optimal environment for cognitive performance and learning.
- Building management systems (BMS): A BMS can integrate building data from various systems such as ventilation, heating, and cooling systems, maintaining optimal IAQ and thermal comfort. With a building management system, it’s also possible to track data over time and generate forecasts. This helps educational institutes proactively optimize conditions, reduce energy waste, and create healthier, more effective learning environments that support academic success and well-being.
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